Skin Wound Healing Process and New Emerging Technologies for Skin Wound Care and Regeneration
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| Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW
15 of 31 This underlines the complexity in the realization of a scaffold and all the studies necessary to achieve a structure similar to physiological ECMs. Nowadays, numerous approaches are used for designing matrices, consisting of increasingly innovative biomaterials. Until recently, the only two characteristics that a biomaterial had to possess were biocompatibility (the material must be neither cytotoxic nor immunogenic) and biodegradability (the material must be easily eliminated once its function is fulfilled). However, in the modern sense of biomaterials, we must also add the ability to interface with a biological environment and specifically modulate cellular response. The biomaterial becomes, therefore, not only a support for tissue regeneration or a platform for drug delivery, but an active part of cellular function regulation. Based on these assumptions, different parameters have to be taken into consideration such as the physico‐chemical properties of pristine materials, mechanical properties, scaffold shape, structure, pore sizes and their distribution. Figure 4. Schematic representation of classical tissue engineering approach. 5.1.1. Structural Characteristics Skin architectural and mechanical complexity and its properties depend on specific anatomical regions, making scaffold design and production challenging. [90]. Scaffold physico‐chemical characterization involves morphology, porosity, water contact angle, mechanical properties, chemical bonds, stability upon incubation in simulated physiological fluids and cell culture medium, while in vitro biological characterization addresses the testing adhesion, adhesion and migration of human cells. To assess these aspects, indirect analyses of immunofluorescence, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and rheological measurements are conducted. Matrix Baixar 2.23 Mb. Compartilhe com seus amigos:
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